Bioenergy and Bioresources: Open Access Journal takes peer-reviewed papers and always tries to spread knowledge about renewable sources of energy which are useful in everyday life or in the future, thus making sure everyone's essential needs can be met in the future. The energy in biological systems comes from plants and animals, and is organic in nature. Biomass materials are most commonly used to produce energy from plants, wood, and waste. These are referred to as biomass feedstocks. Besides being renewable, biomass energy can also be non-renewable. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb the sun's energy and convert it into sugars (carbohydrates) in the form of biomass. Indirect and direct methods can be used to convert the energy from these organisms into usable energy. Heat may be generated from biomass burning (directly), electricity may be generated from biomass burning (directly), or biofuel may be produced indirectly from biomass. Our solid fuels such as biomass and coal can be thermally converted to produce all the products we currently obtain from oil. THERMAL CONVERSION Biomass feedstock is heated so that it can be burned, dehydrated, or stabilized through thermal conversion. Combustion: A combustion technique, such as fixed-bed combustion on a grate or fluidized-bed and suspended combustion, is the simplest way to produce heat from biomass. Pyrolysis: If all three products of biomass pyrolysis-gas, wood tars, and charcoal-can be produced, the process is particularly appealing. Biochar: Agricultural and environmental uses of biochar, produced during pyrolysis, are numerous. A large amount of methane and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when biomass rots or burns (naturally or through human activity). As a result of charring, biomass is capable of sequestering carbon, or storing it. The reintroduction of biochar in the soil can allow it to continue absorbing carbon and form large underground reserves of sequestered carbon - carbon sinks - which can lead to a reduction in carbon emissions and improved soil health. Additionally, biochar enriches soil. The material is porous. Water and nutrients are absorbed and retained by biochar when it is added back to the soil. Gasification: Gasification of biomass with air is one of the most flexible and best-developed processes for converting biomass to fuel, resulting in a low-energy gas that can be burned in existing gas/oil boilers or engines. A gas produced by oxygen gasification contains more energy and can be used in pipelines or for power generation. As well as producing methanol, ammonia, and gasoline by indirect liquefaction, this gas can be used to make methanol, ammonia, or gasoline. Fast-Pyrolysis: A gas rich in ethylene is produced by the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Alcohol or gasoline can be made from these materials. Direct Liquefaction: Finally, biomass can be directly liquefied with hydrogen under high pressure to produce liquid fuels. BIOFUEL Biofuels are gaining popularity in many developing countries as an alternative to petroleum fuels that can reduce energy costs, increase energy security, and reduce global warming concerns. To help understand the technology-related implications of biofuel development, this publication provides information about biofuels. By providing some context, it aims to shed some insight: (a) Identifying the limitations of "first generation" biofuels (made from grains, seeds, and sugar plants today). (b) In order to make "second-generation" biofuels accessible to non-experts, the description should be based on lignocellulosic biomass (including crop residues and specially grown grasses and woody plants). (c) Comparative analysis of biofuels in terms of energy, carbon, and economics. (d) Expansions in biofuel production and use worldwide could have implications for the trade and development of the industry. Today, there are no commercially available second-generation biofuels. Most first generation biofuels are made from non-edible feedstock, which limits direct competition between food and fuel. Biofuels from such feedstock’s can be bred specifically for energy purposes, which results in more production per unit land area, and more of the aboveground plant material can also be converted into biofuel, increasing land-use efficiency even more than that of first-generation biofuels. The basic characteristics of the feedstock’s suggest that most second-generation biofuels will be less expensive, provide significant energy benefits, and be more environmentally friendly than first-generation biofuels. While second-generation biofuel systems require more sophisticated processing equipment, higher investments, and larger facilities (to capture capital-cost scale economies), they are more expensive than first-generation biofuels. Further research, development, and demonstration work on feedstock production and conversion are needed to realize the commercial energy and (unsubsidized) economic potential of second-generation biofuels. Submission Link: https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/bioenergy-bioresource.html Whatsapp No: +44-7723-59-8358 Twitter: @OpenAccess_IOMC