The spine is made up of individual bones known as vertebrae. Intervertebral discs are discs of cartilage that sit between the vertebrae.

The function of the intervertebral discs is to support the spine and act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae.

There are normally 23 discs in the human spine. Each disc is made up of three components:

Nucleus pulposus: This is the inner gel-like portion of the disc that gives the spine its flexibility and strength.

Annulus fibrosis: This is a tough outer layer that surrounds the nucleus pulposus.

Cartilaginous endplates: These are pieces of cartilage that sit between the disc and its adjoining vertebrae.

In a herniated disc, the annulus fibrosis is torn or ruptured. This damage allows part of the nucleus pulposus to push through into the spinal canal. Sometimes, the herniated material can press on a nerve, causing pain and affecting movement.

Each year, herniated discs affect around 5–20 of every 1,000 adults between the ages of 20 and 49 years old.

A herniated disc can occur anywhere in the spine. The two most common locations are the lumbar spine and the cervical spine. The lumbar spine refers to the lower back, while the cervical spine refers to the neck region.

Feel free to share your research work on related topics in Journal of Orthopedic Oncology which offers information in all aspects of primary, malignant tumors. Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and soft tissue sarcomas etc., it also deals with diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, clinical, laboratory research and reconstructive techniques.

Journal uses Editorial Tracking System for quality in review process. Editorial Manager is an online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems. Review processing is performed by the editorial board members of Orthopedics & Oncology or outside experts; at least two independent reviewer’s approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript. Authors may submit manuscripts and track their progress through the system.

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Regards,

Stella

Editorial Team

Journal of Orthopedic Oncology