Nutritional modulation of cytokine biology.

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Nutritional modulation of cytokine biology.

Abstract

The pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant molecules produced during the inflammatory response, which follows infection and injury, may be beneficial, or detrimental to the patient, depending on the amounts and contexts in which they are produced. Aberrant or excessive production has been implicated in inflammatory disease, and sepsis. The upregulation of cytokine production by NF kappa B and NFIL-6 activation by oxidants increases the likelihood of cytokine-induced mortality and morbidity. Complex systems exist for the control of cytokine production and oxidant actions. The former include the hormones of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, acute phase proteins, and endogenous inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The latter include endogenously synthesized antioxidants, such as glutathione and dietary antioxidants, such as tocopherols, ascorbates and cachectins. Nutrients change cytokine production and potency by influencing tissue concentrations of many of the molecules involved in cytokine biology. Monounsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) suppress TNF and IL-1 production and actions, while n-6 PUFAs exert the opposite effect. Changes in eicosanoid production are more likely to underlie this effect than alterations in membrane fluidity. Low antioxidant intake results in enhanced cytokine production and effects. The anorexia that follows infection and injury, may be purposeful to permit release of substrate from endogenous sources to support and control the inflammatory process. Therefore, prior as well as concurrent nutrient intake are of importance in determining the outcome of the inflammatory response.

Related Journals of Cytokine inhibitors

Journal of Immunooncology, Journal of Molecular Immunology, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Cytokine Biology, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Cytokines and Molecular Therapy, International Cytokine and Interferon Society, Growth Factors and Cytokines in Health and Disease, International Journal of Interferon, Cytokine and Mediator Research, Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research.

 

Best Regards:
Veronica Thompson

Journal Manager
Journal of Cytokine Biology
Email:  cytokinebiol@oajournal.org